Cryptosporidium outbreak linked to interactive water feature, UK: importance of guidelines

Eurosurveillance Monthly Release
volume 11, issue 4 April 2006

M Jones1, D Boccia2,3, M Kealy4, B Salkin5, A Ferrero6, G Nichols3, JM Stuart1

1. Health Protection Agency South West, Stonehouse, United Kingdom

2. European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training

3. Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom

4. Peninsula Health ProtectionUnit, Dartigton, United Kingdom

5. Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom

6. East Devon Council, Sidmouth, United Kingdom

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In the swim: Safety measures can sink worries about the water

By Yolanda Perdomo
NYT Regional Newspapers

Warm weather is when everyone heads outdoors - from camping to cookouts, it's hard not to.

And one of the most enjoyable activities is finding a way to cool off -- taking a dip at the beach, in a nearby lake or in the neighborhood pool.

Before jumping in, though, remember that safety comes first.

Approximately 5,000 people drown every year, according to the American Red Cross.

``The real tragic aspect is that many of them could have been prevented,'' said Don Lauritzen, the Red Cross' health and safety expert. Lauritzen recommends several safety steps to avoid accidents and problems associated with water activity:

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Cryptosporidium Attorney

Bill Marler is the managing partner in the law firm Marler Clark L.L.P., P.S. Since 1993, Bill has represented thousands of victims of E. coli, Salmonella, Hepatitis A, Listeria, Shigella, Campylobacter and Norovirus illnesses in over thirty states. As a trial lawyer, Bill has been involved in several cases of national importance. He represented Brianne Kiner in her $15.6 million E. coli settlement with Jack-in-the-Box. This settlement created a Washington State record for an individual personal injury action. Bill resolved several other Jack-in-the-Box E. coli cases for more than $2.5 million each.

In May of 1998, he settled the Odwalla Juice E. coli litigation for the families of children who were severely injured after consuming Odwalla apple juice for a reported $12 million. Bill represented several children in an E. coli outbreak stemming from E. coli-contaminated swimming pool water in Georgia in 1998. In 2001 he successfully tried to verdict an E. coli case involving a school lunch program in Washington State. The jury returned a verdict of $4.75 million. He also resolved dozens of E. coli cases in 2003 related to one of the largest meat recalls in United States. Bill recently settled an E. coli case for a young girl for $11 million. In addition, Bill has been lead counsel in:

Sheetz Salmonella Outbreak Litigation
Chi-Chi's Hepatitis A Outbreak Litigation
Pat & Osacar's E. coli Outbreak Litigation
Chili's Salmonella Outbreak Litigation
And in many more cases . . .
Bill speaks frequently on issues of safe food and has formed Outbreak, Inc., a non-profit business dedicated to training companies on how to avoid foodborne illness outbreaks.

Bill graduated from the Seattle University School of Law in 1987. In 1998 he became the Law School's "Lawyer in Residence." He received undergraduate degrees in Political Science, English and Economics from Washington State University in 1982. While attending WSU, Bill was elected to the Pullman City Council. At 19 years of age he was the youngest person, and first student ever elected. In 1997, Bill received the Distinguished Achievement Award from the WSU College of Liberal Arts. In 1998, Governor Gary Locke appointed Bill to the University Board of Regents. He recently served as President of the Board. He also served on the State Higher Education Coordinating Board.

He has an AV rating from Martindale-Hubbell, and is listed in the Bar Register of Preeminent Attorneys. He is married to Julie Marler and they have three daughters, Morgan, Olivia and Sydney. He is a past board member of the Washington State Trial Lawyers, a member of the board of directors of Bainbridge Youth Services, and a member of the Children's Hospital Circle of Care. He is involved in numerous other civic and political causes.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a report on April 14 titled, Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food - 10 States, United States, 2005. FoodNet collects data from 10 U.S. states regarding diseases caused by enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2005 and compares them with baseline data from the period 1996-1998.

In its annual report on the incidence of infections from foodborne pathogens, the CDC noted significant declines in 2005 from the 1996-1998 baseline in illnesses caused by Yersinia (49%), Listeria (32%), Campylobacter (30%), E. coli O157 (29%), and Salmonella (9%). Although Salmonella incidence decreased overall, of the five most common Salmonella serotypes, only the incidence of S. Typhimurium (42%) significantly decreased. The estimated incidence of S. Enteritidis increased 25% and S. Heidelberg increased 25%.

"The release of the 2005 data clearly shows that the reductions in human illness from foodborne pathogens witnessed during the past few years have been sustained. Healthy People 2010 national objectives are close to being met for E. coli O157, Campylobacter and Listeria monocytogenes," stated Under Secretary for Food Safety Dr. Richard Raymond. "FSIS looks forward to continuing its collaboration with the CDC to find better ways to detect and prevent human illness from the foods we regulate."

The report is available on CDC's Web site at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5514.pdf

Cooking mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) by steam does not destroy the infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum

April 2006

Journal of Food Protection, Volume 69, Number 4, April 2006, pp. 948-950(3)
GÛmez-Couso, HipÛlito et al

Abstract:

The consumption of shellfish has increased considerably worldwide, with an associated increase in foodborne illnesses. Among the bivalves, the mussels are usually cooked by steam, which constitutes a typical dish in several regions. In this article, we demonstrate that this preparation is not sufficient to destroy completely the infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum. Oocysts recovered from experimentally contaminated mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were infectious to neonatal mice after cooking. Although, to date, no official cases of cryptosporidiosis linked to shellfish consumption have been reported, we recommend that people with reduced immunity avoid this type of food because they are at high risk of being infected with Cryptosporidium spp. after eating raw or undercooked contaminated bivalves.

Water works: Small sewage systems worry some

Kathleen Carey, Of the Times Staff
April 9, 2006

Like to gamble? Well, if you live in a part of Delaware County that gets its drinking water from the Springton Lake Reservoir, soon all youll have to do is fill a glass from the faucet. That's the concern of some officials, who say sewage from less-regulated, smaller sewage-treatment plants can seep into the ground and make its way to the reservoir.

Although filters are in place there to remove many contaminants, some people believe others may still trickle into the drinking-water supply.

However, others such as Aqua Pennsylvania, which owns the reservoir,say there are enough safeguards in place that have prevented and will continue to avert that scenario. Company officials say no one has more of a stake in safe drinking water than they do and they constantly strive to keep it that way as they prepare to own and operate a sewage treatment plant at the Garrett-Williamsson tract.

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Exotic Pets and the Perils of Keeping Them

Exotic pets are becoming ever more popular. Why go with boring old cats and dogs when you can have a snake, iguana or lizard, a stag beetle or tarantula, or at least a marmoset. While most of them make comparatively dull pets, especially the cold-blooded or invertebrate creatures, they offer a chance to observe exotic nature at close quarters and impress your friends. But before 'going exotic,' take a close look at the dangers.

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BOTSWANA: Diarrhoea epidemic kills 470 children

05 Apr 2006 18:37:24 GMT

JOHANNESBURG, 5 April (IRIN) - Botswana is struggling to control a diarrhoea epidemic that has claimed the lives of 470 children since January.

"A few adult cases have been reported but mostly children are affected," Colo Boitshoko, spokesman for the Ministry of Health, told IRIN. "We had a lot of rain for this time of the year - normally we have some diarrhoea cases around this time, but it never turns into an epidemic. The rain is the underlying cause."

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